CBSE MATHEMATICS • SELECTED CENTRAL & STATE COMPETITIVE EXAMS
AIMSSchool of MathematicsAim through AIMS

GANITA MANJARI · GRADE 9 · PART II · CHAPTER 9

TEST — Finding Counterexamples

Think first. Use AI purposefully. Verify always.

01 · DISCOVER

Start by thinking.

A learner tests 3, 5 and 7 and guesses that every prime is odd. What example has been missed?

Counterexample detective

Claim: for every positive integer n, n² + n + 5 is prime. Think of a test value first.

02 · UNDERSTAND

Finding Counterexamples

A counterexample satisfies the starting condition but fails the conclusion. One such example disproves an “always” claim. Many successful checks do not prove every possible case.

03 · KEY IDEAS

Keep the conditions clear.

  • Check that your example belongs to the stated domain.
  • A supporting example does not disprove a claim.
  • Not finding a counterexample is not the same as proving the claim.

04 · VISUALISE

Follow the direction.

Claim → permitted test value → condition met → conclusion fails → counterexample.

05 · METHOD / REASONING

Make the argument checkable.

Read the claim → think → choose a permitted example → check the condition → test the conclusion → conclude.

06 · ORIGINAL AIMS WORKED EXAMPLE

Follow each step.

Claim: every positive multiple of 7 is odd.

  1. Try 14, a permitted positive integer.
  2. 14 = 7 × 2, so it meets the starting condition.
  3. 14 is even, so the conclusion fails. The claim is false.

07 · AIMS METHOD

Your turn to reason.

  1. Attempt independently
  2. Investigate the idea
  3. Make connections
  4. Scrutinise your reasoning

Why does 18 disprove “Every multiple of 3 is a perfect square”?

Compare after your own attempt

18 = 3 × 6 but lies strictly between 42 and 52, so it is not a square.

08 · PRACTICE SPRINT

Use the idea in a new situation.

Ten original AIMS questions: 3 Warm-up, 4 Build, 2 Think and 1 Challenge.

Start Practice Sprint →

Check & Feedback: incorrect answers receive a conceptual hint and another attempt; correct answers include reasoning.

TEXTBOOK CONNECTION

Return to the source. Bring your reasoning.

Ganita Manjari · Grade 9 · Part II · Chapter 9. Use your textbook for the complete questions. These are topic references and original AIMS guidance, not reproduced exercises.

Exercise Practice

Exercise Set 9.1 · Q8

Source page 6 · TEST

Divisibility by 24 versus divisibility by 4 and 6

A shared multiple of 4 and 6 need not contain every factor required by 24.

AIMS reasoning checkpoint

Test the reverse separately rather than multiplying the two divisors blindly.

Exercise Practice

Exercise Set 9.1 · Q13

Source page 6 · TEST

Prime-generating claims with square and exponential expressions

Seek a permitted input giving a composite result and show a nontrivial factorisation.

AIMS reasoning checkpoint

The third source expression has an exponent on 4; it is not 4 times n.

Exercise Practice

Exercise Set 9.1 · Q14

Source page 6 · TEST

Prime claims involving powers of 2

Keep the prime/even input restrictions and check the powers accurately.

AIMS reasoning checkpoint

Do not confuse an exponent with multiplication; supporting small cases are not a proof.

All textbook references →